Division 166—Income tax consequences of changing ownership or control of a listed public company
166-1 What this Division is about
This Division modifies the way the rules in Division 165 apply to a listed public company (and also its 100% subsidiaries). It makes it easier for the company to comply with those rules:
Table of Subdivisions
166-A Deducting tax losses of earlier income years
166-B Working out the taxable income and tax loss for the income year of the change
166-D Tests for finding out whether the listed public company has maintained the same owners
166-F How to treat shareholdings of less than 1%
166-G How to treat interposed superannuation funds, approved deposit funds and special companies
Subdivision 166-A—Deducting tax losses of earlier income years
166-5 How Subdivision 165-A applies to a listed public company
166-10 How Subdivision 165-A applies to a 100% subsidiary of a listed public company
166-15 Companies can choose that this Subdivision is not to apply to them
166-5 How Subdivision 165-A applies to a listed public company
(1) This Subdivision modifies the way Subdivision 165-A applies to a company that is a *listed public company at all times during a period (the test period) consisting of the *loss year, the income year and any intervening period.
Note 1: Subdivision 165-A is about the conditions a company must satisfy before it can deduct a tax loss for an earlier income year.
Note 2: This Subdivision also modifies how Subdivision 165-A applies to a 100% subsidiary of a listed public company: see section 166-10.
Note 3: A company can choose that this Subdivision is not to apply to it: see section 166-15.
Substantial continuity of ownership
(2) The *listed public company is taken to have met the conditions in section 165-12 (which is about the company maintaining the same owners) if there is *substantial continuity of ownership of the company as between the start of the *test period and each of these other times in the period:
(a) the time of each *abnormal trading in *shares in the company; and
(b) the end of each income year.
See section 166-145 to work out whether there is substantial continuity of ownership.
No substantial continuity of ownership
(3) The *listed public company is taken to have failed to meet the conditions in section 165-12 if there is no *substantial continuity of ownership of the company as between the start of the *test period and one or more of the other times referred to in subsection (2).
Satisfies the same business test
(4) However, if the *listed public company satisfies the *same business test for the income year (the same business test period), it is taken to have satisfied the condition in section 165-13 (which is about the company carrying on the same business).
For the same business test: see Subdivision 165-E.
(5) Apply the *same business test to the *business that the *listed public company carried on immediately before the first time (the test time) covered by paragraph (2)(a) or (b) for which there was no *substantial continuity of ownership of the company as between the start of the test period and that time.
166-10 How Subdivision 165-A applies to a 100% subsidiary of a listed public company
(1) This Subdivision also modifies the way Subdivision 165-A applies to a company that is not a *listed public company, but only if the conditions in subsections (2) and (3) are met.
Note: Subdivision 165-A is about the conditions a company must satisfy before it can deduct a tax loss for an earlier income year.
(2) The company (the subsidiary) must be a *100% subsidiary of another company (the holding company) at all times during a period consisting of:
(a) the *loss year of the subsidiary; and
(b) the income year of the subsidiary; and
(c) any intervening period.
(3) Also, the *holding company must be a *listed public company at all times during that period.
(4) If the conditions are met then, for the purposes of applying Subdivision 165-A to the subsidiary, this Subdivision applies to the subsidiary as if:
(a) the subsidiary were itself a *listed public company at all times during that period; and
(b) an *abnormal trading in *shares in the *holding company during that period were an abnormal trading in shares in the subsidiary.
(Subdivisions 166-D, 166-F and 166-G apply to the subsidiary in the same way and for the same purpose.)
166-15 Companies can choose that this Subdivision is not to apply to them
(1) The *listed public company or subsidiary can choose that Subdivision 165-A is to apply to it for the income year without the modifications made by this Subdivision.
(2) The company must choose on or before the day it lodges its *income tax return for the income year, or before a later day if the Commissioner allows.
Subdivision 166-B—Working out the taxable income and tax loss for the income year of the change
166-20 How Subdivision 165-B applies to a listed public company
166-25 How to work out the taxable income and tax loss
166-30 How Subdivision 165-B applies to a 100% subsidiary of a listed public company
166-35 Companies can choose that this Subdivision is not to apply to them
166-20 How Subdivision 165-B applies to a listed public company
(1) This Subdivision modifies the way Subdivision 165-B applies to a company that is a *listed public company at all times during the income year (the test period).
Note 1: Subdivision 165-B is about when a company must calculate its taxable income and tax loss for the income year in a special way.
Note 2: This Subdivision also modifies how Subdivision 165-B applies to a 100% subsidiary of a listed public company: see section 166-30.
Note 3: A company can choose that this Subdivision is not to apply to it: see section 166-35.
No abnormal trading
(2) If there is no *abnormal trading in *shares in the *listed public company during the *test period, it is taken to have met the condition in paragraph 165-35(a) (which is about there being persons having *more than a 50% stake in it during the whole of the income year).
Abnormal trading, but substantial continuity of ownership
(3) If there is *abnormal trading, but there is *substantial continuity of ownership of the company as between the start of the *test period and the time of each abnormal trading, the company is also taken to have met the condition in paragraph 165-35(a).
See section 166-145 to work out whether there is substantial continuity of ownership.
Abnormal trading without substantial continuity of ownership
(4) If there is *abnormal trading, and there is no *substantial continuity of ownership of the company as between the start of the *test period and the time of the abnormal trading, the company is taken to have failed to meet the condition in paragraph 165-35(a).
Satisfies the same business test
(5) However, if the company satisfies the *same business test for the rest of the income year (the same business test period) after the first *abnormal trading covered by subsection (4), it is taken to have satisfied the condition in paragraph 165-35(b) (which is about the company carrying on the same business).
For the same business test: see Subdivision 165-E.
(6) Apply the *same business test to the *business that the company carried on immediately before the time of the first *abnormal trading (the test time) covered by subsection (4).
166-25 How to work out the taxable income and tax loss
(1) If the *listed public company must calculate its taxable income and *tax loss for the income year under Subdivision 165-B, then, in dividing the income year into periods, apply subsection (2) instead of subsection 165-45(3).
(2) The last period ends at the end of the income year. Each period (except the last) ends at the earlier of:
(a) the earliest time when there is an *abnormal trading in *shares in the *listed public company (except one covered by subsection (3)); or
(b) the earliest time when a person begins to control, or becomes able to control, the voting power in the *listed public company (whether directly, or indirectly through one or more interposed entities) for the purpose, or for purposes including the purpose, of:
(i) getting some benefit or advantage to do with how this Act applies; or
(ii) getting such a benefit or advantage for someone else.
(3) In working out when a period ends, disregard an *abnormal trading if there is *substantial continuity of ownership of the company as between the start of the period and the time of the abnormal trading.
See section 166-145 to work out whether there is substantial continuity of ownership.
166-30 How Subdivision 165-B applies to 100% subsidiary of a listed public company
(1) This Subdivision also modifies the way Subdivision 165-B applies to a company that is not a *listed public company, but only if the conditions in subsections (2) and (3) are met.
Note: Subdivision 165-B is about when a company must calculate its taxable income and tax loss for the income year in a special way.
(2) The company (the subsidiary) must be a *100% subsidiary of another company (the holding company) at all times during the income year of the subsidiary.
(3) Also, the *holding company must be a *listed public company at all times during that income year.
(4) If the conditions are met then, for the purposes of applying Subdivision 165-B to the subsidiary, this Subdivision applies to the subsidiary as if:
(a) the subsidiary were itself a *listed public company at all times during the income year; and
(b) an *abnormal trading in *shares in the *holding company during the income year were an abnormal trading in shares in the subsidiary.
(Subdivisions 166-D, 166-F and 166-G apply to the subsidiary in the same way and for the same purpose.)
166-35 Companies can choose that this Subdivision is not to apply to them
(1) The *listed public company or subsidiary can choose that Subdivision 165-B is to apply to it for the income year without the modifications made by this Subdivision.
(2) The company must choose on or before the day it lodges its *income tax return for the income year, or before a later day if the Commissioner allows.
[The next Subdivision is Subdivision 166-D.]
166-140 What this Subdivision is about
This Subdivision has the tests to work out whether a listed public company has maintained the same owners as between different times.
Subdivisions 166-F and 166-G have rules which make it easier for the company to satisfy these ownership tests.
Note: The rules in this Subdivision also apply to a company that is a 100% subsidiary of a listed public company: see sections 166-10 and 166-30.
Table of sections
Substantial continuity of ownership
166-145 Substantial continuity of ownership
The ownership tests
166-150 Who has more than 50% of the voting power in the listed public company at a particular time
166-155 Who has rights to more than 50% of the listed public company’s dividends at a particular time
166-160 Who has rights to more than 50% of the listed public company’s capital distributions at a particular time
Rules affecting the operation of the ownership tests
166-165 Rules in Division 165 apply
Substantial continuity of ownership
166-145 Substantial continuity of ownership
(1) There is substantial continuity of ownership of the *listed public company as between the start of the *test period and another time in the test period if (and only if) the conditions in this section are met.
Voting power
(2) There must be persons (none of them companies) who had *more than 50% of the voting power in the *listed public company at the start of the *test period. Also, those persons must have had *more than 50% of the voting power in the *listed public company immediately after the other time in the test period.
To work out who had more than 50% of the voting power: see section 166-150.
Rights to dividends
(3) There must be persons (none of them companies) who had rights to *more than 50% of the *listed public company’s *dividends at the start of the *test period. Also, those persons must have had rights to *more than 50% of the *listed public company’s dividends immediately after the other time in the test period.
To work out who had rights to more than 50% of the listed public company’s dividends: see section 166-155.
Rights to capital distributions
(4) There must be persons (none of them companies) who had rights to *more than 50% of the *listed public company’s capital distributions at the start of the *test period. Also, those persons must have had rights to *more than 50% of the *listed public company’s capital distributions immediately after the other time in the test period.
To work out who had rights to more than 50% of the listed public company’s capital distributions: see section 166-160.
When to apply the test
(5) To work out whether a condition in this section was satisfied at a time (the ownership test time), apply the ownership test for that condition.
166-150 Who has more than 50% of the voting power in the listed public company at a particular time
If it is the case, or it is reasonable to assume, that there are persons (none of them companies) who, at the *ownership test time, between them control, or are able to control, the voting power in the *listed public company (whether directly, or indirectly through one or more interposed entities), those persons have more than 50% of the voting power in the listed public company at that time.
166-155 Who has rights to more than 50% of the listed public company’s dividends at a particular time
If it is the case, or it is reasonable to assume, that there are persons (none of them companies) who, at the *ownership test time, have between them the right to receive for their own benefit (whether directly, or *indirectly through one or more interposed entities) more than 50% of any *dividends that the *listed public company may pay, those persons have rights to more than 50% of the listed public company’s dividends at that time.
166-160 Who has rights to more than 50% of the listed public company’s capital distributions at a particular time
If it is the case, or it is reasonable to assume, that there are persons (none of them companies) who, at the *ownership test time, have between them the right to receive for their own benefit (whether directly, or *indirectly through one or more interposed entities) more than 50% of any distribution of capital of the *listed public company, those persons have rights to more than 50% of the listed public company’s capital distributions at that time.
Rules affecting the operation of the ownership tests
166-165 Rules in Division 165 apply
(1) The rules in these sections also apply for the purposes of an ownership test in this Subdivision:
(2) The rule in section 165-180 (which is about arrangements affecting beneficial ownership of *shares) also applies for the purposes of an ownership test in this Subdivision as if the reference to a particular time during the ownership test period were a reference to the ownership test time.
[The next Subdivision is Subdivision 166-F.]
Subdivision 166-F—How to treat shareholdings of less than 1%
166-215 What this Subdivision is about
This Subdivision has rules which make it easier for the listed public company to satisfy the ownership tests in Subdivision 166-D.
All shareholdings of less than 1% in the company are treated as if they were held by a single notional entity. This means that the company does not have to trace through to the persons who beneficially own those shares.
A similar rule applies if another listed public company is interposed between the company and those persons. All shareholdings of less than 1% in the interposed company are treated as if they were held by a different single notional entity. This means that the company does not have to trace through to the persons who beneficially own those shares in the interposed company.
Note 2: The rules in this Subdivision do not apply if they would hide a failure by the company to maintain the same owners: see sections 166-250 and 166-255.
Special tracing rules for listed public companies
166-220 Shareholdings of less than 1% in the listed public company
166-225 Shareholdings of less than 1% in an interposed listed public company
166-230 Notional shareholder
166-235 Notional shareholder taken to have minimum voting control, dividend rights and capital rights
166-240 Voting, dividend and capital shareholding of less than 1%
166-245 Shares that are part of a substantial shareholding
When the rules in this Subdivision do not apply
166-250 Limit on listed public company splitting its shares into different classes
166-255 If listed public company would not have otherwise passed the ownership tests
Special tracing rules for listed public companies
166-220 Shareholdings of less than 1% in the listed public company
This Subdivision modifies how the ownership tests are applied to the *listed public company (the head company) if the company has:
(a) *voting shareholdings of less than 1%; or
(b) *dividend shareholdings of less than 1%; or
(c) *capital shareholdings of less than 1%.
For the ownership tests: see sections 166-150, 166-155
and 166-160.
166-225 Shareholdings of less than 1% in an interposed listed public company
(1) This Subdivision also modifies how the ownership tests are applied to the *head company if another *listed public company (the interposed company) meets the conditions in subsections (2) and (3).
For the ownership tests: see sections 166-150, 166-155
and 166-160.
(2) The *interposed company must be interposed between the *head company and persons (none of them companies) who:
(a) control (or are able to control) voting power in the head company indirectly through the interposed company; or
(b) have the right to receive, for their own benefit and *indirectly through the interposed company, any *dividends the head company may pay; or
(c) have the right to receive, for their own benefit and *indirectly through the interposed company, any distributions of capital of the head company.
(3) The *interposed company must have:
(a) *voting shareholdings of less than 1%; or
(b) *dividend shareholdings of less than 1%; or
(c) *capital shareholdings of less than 1%.
Notional shareholder of the head company
(1) The ownership tests in sections 166-150, 166-155 and 166-160 are applied to the *head company as if, at the *ownership test time, a single notional entity (the notional shareholder):
(a) directly controlled the voting power in the head company that is carried by each *voting shareholding of less than 1% in the company at that time; and
(b) had the right to receive, for its own benefit and directly:
(i) any *dividends the head company may pay in respect of each *dividend shareholding of less than 1% in the company at that time; and
(ii) any distributions of capital of the head company in respect of each *capital shareholding of less than 1% in the company at that time; and
(c) were a person (other than a company).
Notional shareholder of the interposed company
(2) The tests are also applied to the *head company as if, at the *ownership test time, for each *interposed company, a different single notional entity (the notional shareholder):
(a) directly controlled the voting power in the interposed company that is carried by each *voting shareholding of less than 1% in the interposed company at that time; and
(b) had the right to receive, for its own benefit and directly:
(i) any *dividends the interposed company may pay in respect of each *dividend shareholding of less than 1% in the interposed company at that time; and
(ii) any distributions of capital of the interposed company in respect of each *capital shareholding of less than 1% in the interposed company at that time; and
(c) were a person (other than a company).
Persons who actually control or have rights are taken not to
(3) The tests are also applied to the *head company as if, at the *ownership test time:
(a) the persons (other than companies) who control (or are able to control) the voting power in the head company or interposed company (whether directly, or indirectly through one or more interposed entities) that is carried by each *voting shareholding of less than 1% in the company had not had that control; and
(b) the persons (other than companies) who have the right to receive for their own benefit (whether directly, or *indirectly through one or more interposed entities):
(i) any *dividends that the head company or interposed company may pay in respect of each *dividend shareholding of less than 1% in the company; and
(ii) any distributions of capital of the head company or interposed company in respect of each *capital shareholding of less than 1% in the company;
had not had that right.
166-235 Notional shareholder taken to have minimum voting control, dividend rights and capital rights
Minimum control of voting power
(1) If the *ownership test time is after the start of the *test period and:
is greater than:
the notional shareholder is taken to control voting power in the company at that time only to the extent that it controlled it at the start of that period.
Minimum percentage of rights to dividends and capital
(2) If the *ownership test time is after the start of the *test period and:
is greater than:
the notional shareholder is taken to have the right to receive the lower percentage of the dividends or distributions of capital at that time.
166-240 Voting, dividend and capital shareholding of less than 1%
Meaning of voting shareholding of less than 1%
(1) If all the *shares in the *head company or *interposed company of which an entity is the registered holder at the *ownership test time carry (between them) less than 1% of the voting power in the company, those shares (except shares that are *part of a substantial shareholding) constitute a voting shareholding of less than 1% in the company at that time.
Meaning of dividend shareholding of less than 1%
(2) If all the *shares in the *head company or *interposed company of which an entity is the registered holder at the *ownership test time carry (between them) the right to receive less than 1% of any *dividends that the company may pay, those shares (except shares that are *part of a substantial shareholding) constitute a dividend shareholding of less than 1% in the company at that time.
Meaning of capital shareholding of less than 1%
(3) If all the *shares in the *head company or *interposed company of which an entity is the registered holder at the *ownership test time carry (between them) the right to receive less than 1% of any distribution of capital of the company, those shares (except shares that are *part of a substantial shareholding) constitute a capital shareholding of less than 1% in the company at that time.
166-245 Shares that are part of a substantial shareholding
(1) *Shares in a company begin to be part of a substantial shareholding of a person when the person gives the company:
(a) a notice under section 709 of the Corporations Law from which it appears that the person or an associate (within the meaning of that section) had a *relevant interest in the shares as at the day when the person became a substantial shareholder in the company; or
(b) a notice under section 710 of the Corporations Law from which it appears that the person or an associate (within the meaning of that section) had a *relevant interest in the shares after the change in relevant interests because of which the notice had to be given;
whichever happens first.
(2) The *shares stop being part of the substantial shareholding when the person gives the company:
(a) a notice under section 710 of the Corporations Law from which it appears that neither the person nor an associate (within the meaning of that section) had a *relevant interest in the shares after the change in relevant interests because of which the notice had to be given; or
(b) a notice under section 711 of the Corporations Law from which it appears that the person has stopped being a substantial shareholder in the company;
whichever happens first.
When the rules in this Subdivision do not apply
166-250 Limit on listed public company splitting its shares into different classes
This Subdivision does not apply unless, at the *ownership test time, all the *voting shares in the *head company carry (between them):
(a) the right to receive more than 75% of any *dividends the head company may pay; and
(b) the right to receive more than 75% of any distributions of capital of the head company.
166-255 If listed public company would not have otherwise passed the ownership tests
This Subdivision does not apply for the purposes of section 166-5 or 166-20 if the Commissioner considers it reasonable to assume that the *head company would not meet the conditions in that section if it were not for the rules in this Subdivision.
Note: The conditions in sections 166-5 and 166-20 require the listed public company to maintain the same owners at each ownership test time during the test period.
Subdivision 166-G—How to treat interposed superannuation funds, approved deposit funds and special companies
166-260 What this Subdivision is about
This Subdivision has rules which make it easier for the listed public company to satisfy the ownership tests in Subdivision 166-D.
The company does not have to trace through any complying superannuation funds, complying approved deposit funds or special companies that are interposed between the company and persons who control any of the voting power in the company, or who have rights to its dividends or capital.
Note: The rules in this Subdivision also apply to a company that is a 100% subsidiary of a listed public company: see sections 166-10 and 166-30.
Table of sections
Special tracing rules for listed public companies
166-265 When fund or special company is taken to control voting power
166-270 When fund or special company is taken to have rights to dividends and capital
Special tracing rules for listed public companies
166-265 When fund or special company is taken to control voting power
(1) This section modifies how the ownership test in section 166-150 (about control of voting) is applied to the *listed public company if:
(a) a *superannuation fund, *approved deposit fund or *special company is interposed, at the *ownership test time, between persons (none of them companies) and the listed public company; and
(b) at the ownership test time, those persons control (or are able to control) any of the voting power in the listed public company indirectly through the fund or special company (or through entities including it); and
(c) the fund or special company is a *complying superannuation fund, *complying approved deposit fund or special company at all times during the income year of the listed public company in which the *ownership test time occurs.
If fund or special company has more than 50 members
(2) If the fund or *special company has more than 50 *members, the test is applied as if, at the *ownership test time, the fund or special company were a person (other than a company) who controlled the voting power in the *listed public company that those persons control (or are able to control).
If fund or special company has 50 members or less
(3) However, if the fund or *special company has 50 *members or less, the test is applied as if, at the *ownership test time, each member were a person (other than a company) who controlled an equal proportion of the voting power in the *listed public company that those persons control (or are able to control).
Persons who actually control are taken not to control
(4) The test is applied as if, at the *ownership test time, the voting power in the *listed public company that those persons control (or are able to control) were not controlled by them (except as provided by subsection (3)).
166-270 When fund or special company is taken to have rights to dividends and capital
(1) This section modifies how the ownership test in section 166-155 (about *dividend rights) or 166-160 (about capital rights) is applied to the *listed public company if:
(a) a *superannuation fund, *approved deposit fund or *special company is interposed, at the *ownership test time, between persons (none of them companies) and the listed public company; and
(b) at the ownership test time, those persons have the right to receive for their own benefit, and *indirectly through the fund or special company (or through entities including it):
(i) a percentage of any *dividends that the listed public company may pay; or
(ii) a percentage of any distributions of capital of the listed public company; and
(c) the fund or special company is a *complying superannuation fund, *complying approved deposit fund or special company at all times during the income year of the listed public company in which the *ownership test time occurs.
If fund or special company has more than 50 members
(2) If the fund or *special company has more than 50 *members, the test is applied as if, at the *ownership test time, the fund or special company were a person (other than a company) who had the right to receive, for the person’s own benefit, that percentage of those *dividends or distributions of capital of the *listed public company.
If fund or special company has 50 members or less
(3) However, if the fund or *special company has 50 *members or less, the test is applied as if, at the *ownership test time, each member were a person (other than a company) who had a right to receive, for the person’s own benefit, an equal proportion of those *dividends or distributions of capital.
Persons who actually have the right are taken not to have it
(4) The test is applied as if, at the *ownership test time, the persons (other than companies) who have the right to receive that percentage of those *dividends or distributions of capital did not have that right (except as provided by subsection (3)).
[The next Division is Division 170.]
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